大学入学共通テスト（英語） 過去問
令和4年度（2022年度）本試験
問38 (英語リーディング（第5問） 問5)
問題文
次の英文や図表を読み、解答番号にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。
In your English class， you will give a presentation about a great inventor. You found the following article and prepared notes for your presentation.
Who invented television？ It is not an easy question to answer. In the early years of the 20th century， there was something called a mechanical television system， but it was not a success. Inventors were also competing to develop an electronic television system， which later became the basis of what we have today. In the US， there was a battle over the patent for the electronic television system， which attracted people’s attention because it was between a young man and a giant corporation. This patent would give the inventor the official right to be the only person to develop， use， or sell the system.
Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in a log cabin in Utah in 1906. His family did not have electricity until he was 12 years old， and he was excited to find a generator―a machine that produces electricity―when they moved into a new home. He was very interested in mechanical and electrical technology， reading any information he could find on the subject. He would often repair the old generator and even changed his mother’s hand−powered washing machine into an electricity−powered one.
One day， while working in his father’s potato field， he looked behind him and saw all the straight parallel rows of soil that he had made. Suddenly， it occurred to him that it might be possible to create an electronic image on a screen using parallel lines， just like the rows in the field. In 1922， during the spring semester of his first year at high school， he presented this idea to his chemistry teacher， Justin Tolman， and asked for advice about his concept of an electronic television system. With sketches and diagrams on blackboards， he showed the teacher how it might be accomplished， and Tolman encouraged him to develop his ideas.
On September 7， 1927， Farnsworth succeeded in sending his first electronic image. In the following years， he further improved the system so that it could successfully broadcast live images. The US government gave him a patent for this system in 1930.
However， Farnsworth was not the only one working on such a system. A giant company， RCA（Radio Corporation of America）， also saw a bright future for television and did not want to miss the opportunity. They recruited Vladimir Zworykin， who had already worked on an electronic television system and had earned a patent as early as 1923. Yet， in 1931， they offered Farnsworth a large sum of money to sell them his patent as his system was superior to that of Zworykin’s. He refused this offer， which started a patent war between Farnsworth and RCA.
The company took legal action against Farnsworth， claiming that Zworykin’s 1923 patent had priority even though he had never made a working version of his system. Farnsworth lost the first two rounds of the court case. However， in the final round， the teacher who had copied Farnsworth’s blackboard drawings gave evidence that Farnsworth did have the idea of an electronic television system at least a year before Zworykin’s patent was issued. In 1934， a judge approved Farnsworth’s patent claim on the strength of handwritten notes made by his old high school teacher， Tolman.
Farnsworth died in 1971 at the age of 64. He held about 300 US and foreign patents， mostly in radio and television， and in 1999， TIME magazine included Farnsworth in Time 100： The Most Important People of the Century. In an interview after his death， Farnsworth’s wife Pem recalled Neil Armstrong’s moon landing being broadcast. Watching the television with her， Farnsworth had said， ”Pem， this has made it all worthwhile.” His story will
always be tied to his teenage dream of sending moving pictures through the air and those blackboard drawings at his high school.
Choose the best option for （ 38 ） to complete Achievements and Recognition.
In your English class， you will give a presentation about a great inventor. You found the following article and prepared notes for your presentation.
Who invented television？ It is not an easy question to answer. In the early years of the 20th century， there was something called a mechanical television system， but it was not a success. Inventors were also competing to develop an electronic television system， which later became the basis of what we have today. In the US， there was a battle over the patent for the electronic television system， which attracted people’s attention because it was between a young man and a giant corporation. This patent would give the inventor the official right to be the only person to develop， use， or sell the system.
Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in a log cabin in Utah in 1906. His family did not have electricity until he was 12 years old， and he was excited to find a generator―a machine that produces electricity―when they moved into a new home. He was very interested in mechanical and electrical technology， reading any information he could find on the subject. He would often repair the old generator and even changed his mother’s hand−powered washing machine into an electricity−powered one.
One day， while working in his father’s potato field， he looked behind him and saw all the straight parallel rows of soil that he had made. Suddenly， it occurred to him that it might be possible to create an electronic image on a screen using parallel lines， just like the rows in the field. In 1922， during the spring semester of his first year at high school， he presented this idea to his chemistry teacher， Justin Tolman， and asked for advice about his concept of an electronic television system. With sketches and diagrams on blackboards， he showed the teacher how it might be accomplished， and Tolman encouraged him to develop his ideas.
On September 7， 1927， Farnsworth succeeded in sending his first electronic image. In the following years， he further improved the system so that it could successfully broadcast live images. The US government gave him a patent for this system in 1930.
However， Farnsworth was not the only one working on such a system. A giant company， RCA（Radio Corporation of America）， also saw a bright future for television and did not want to miss the opportunity. They recruited Vladimir Zworykin， who had already worked on an electronic television system and had earned a patent as early as 1923. Yet， in 1931， they offered Farnsworth a large sum of money to sell them his patent as his system was superior to that of Zworykin’s. He refused this offer， which started a patent war between Farnsworth and RCA.
The company took legal action against Farnsworth， claiming that Zworykin’s 1923 patent had priority even though he had never made a working version of his system. Farnsworth lost the first two rounds of the court case. However， in the final round， the teacher who had copied Farnsworth’s blackboard drawings gave evidence that Farnsworth did have the idea of an electronic television system at least a year before Zworykin’s patent was issued. In 1934， a judge approved Farnsworth’s patent claim on the strength of handwritten notes made by his old high school teacher， Tolman.
Farnsworth died in 1971 at the age of 64. He held about 300 US and foreign patents， mostly in radio and television， and in 1999， TIME magazine included Farnsworth in Time 100： The Most Important People of the Century. In an interview after his death， Farnsworth’s wife Pem recalled Neil Armstrong’s moon landing being broadcast. Watching the television with her， Farnsworth had said， ”Pem， this has made it all worthwhile.” His story will
always be tied to his teenage dream of sending moving pictures through the air and those blackboard drawings at his high school.
Choose the best option for （ 38 ） to complete Achievements and Recognition.
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問題
大学入学共通テスト（英語）試験 令和4年度（2022年度）本試験 問38（英語リーディング（第5問） 問5） （訂正依頼・報告はこちら）
次の英文や図表を読み、解答番号にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。
In your English class， you will give a presentation about a great inventor. You found the following article and prepared notes for your presentation.
Who invented television？ It is not an easy question to answer. In the early years of the 20th century， there was something called a mechanical television system， but it was not a success. Inventors were also competing to develop an electronic television system， which later became the basis of what we have today. In the US， there was a battle over the patent for the electronic television system， which attracted people’s attention because it was between a young man and a giant corporation. This patent would give the inventor the official right to be the only person to develop， use， or sell the system.
Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in a log cabin in Utah in 1906. His family did not have electricity until he was 12 years old， and he was excited to find a generator―a machine that produces electricity―when they moved into a new home. He was very interested in mechanical and electrical technology， reading any information he could find on the subject. He would often repair the old generator and even changed his mother’s hand−powered washing machine into an electricity−powered one.
One day， while working in his father’s potato field， he looked behind him and saw all the straight parallel rows of soil that he had made. Suddenly， it occurred to him that it might be possible to create an electronic image on a screen using parallel lines， just like the rows in the field. In 1922， during the spring semester of his first year at high school， he presented this idea to his chemistry teacher， Justin Tolman， and asked for advice about his concept of an electronic television system. With sketches and diagrams on blackboards， he showed the teacher how it might be accomplished， and Tolman encouraged him to develop his ideas.
On September 7， 1927， Farnsworth succeeded in sending his first electronic image. In the following years， he further improved the system so that it could successfully broadcast live images. The US government gave him a patent for this system in 1930.
However， Farnsworth was not the only one working on such a system. A giant company， RCA（Radio Corporation of America）， also saw a bright future for television and did not want to miss the opportunity. They recruited Vladimir Zworykin， who had already worked on an electronic television system and had earned a patent as early as 1923. Yet， in 1931， they offered Farnsworth a large sum of money to sell them his patent as his system was superior to that of Zworykin’s. He refused this offer， which started a patent war between Farnsworth and RCA.
The company took legal action against Farnsworth， claiming that Zworykin’s 1923 patent had priority even though he had never made a working version of his system. Farnsworth lost the first two rounds of the court case. However， in the final round， the teacher who had copied Farnsworth’s blackboard drawings gave evidence that Farnsworth did have the idea of an electronic television system at least a year before Zworykin’s patent was issued. In 1934， a judge approved Farnsworth’s patent claim on the strength of handwritten notes made by his old high school teacher， Tolman.
Farnsworth died in 1971 at the age of 64. He held about 300 US and foreign patents， mostly in radio and television， and in 1999， TIME magazine included Farnsworth in Time 100： The Most Important People of the Century. In an interview after his death， Farnsworth’s wife Pem recalled Neil Armstrong’s moon landing being broadcast. Watching the television with her， Farnsworth had said， ”Pem， this has made it all worthwhile.” His story will
always be tied to his teenage dream of sending moving pictures through the air and those blackboard drawings at his high school.
Choose the best option for （ 38 ） to complete Achievements and Recognition.
In your English class， you will give a presentation about a great inventor. You found the following article and prepared notes for your presentation.
Who invented television？ It is not an easy question to answer. In the early years of the 20th century， there was something called a mechanical television system， but it was not a success. Inventors were also competing to develop an electronic television system， which later became the basis of what we have today. In the US， there was a battle over the patent for the electronic television system， which attracted people’s attention because it was between a young man and a giant corporation. This patent would give the inventor the official right to be the only person to develop， use， or sell the system.
Philo Taylor Farnsworth was born in a log cabin in Utah in 1906. His family did not have electricity until he was 12 years old， and he was excited to find a generator―a machine that produces electricity―when they moved into a new home. He was very interested in mechanical and electrical technology， reading any information he could find on the subject. He would often repair the old generator and even changed his mother’s hand−powered washing machine into an electricity−powered one.
One day， while working in his father’s potato field， he looked behind him and saw all the straight parallel rows of soil that he had made. Suddenly， it occurred to him that it might be possible to create an electronic image on a screen using parallel lines， just like the rows in the field. In 1922， during the spring semester of his first year at high school， he presented this idea to his chemistry teacher， Justin Tolman， and asked for advice about his concept of an electronic television system. With sketches and diagrams on blackboards， he showed the teacher how it might be accomplished， and Tolman encouraged him to develop his ideas.
On September 7， 1927， Farnsworth succeeded in sending his first electronic image. In the following years， he further improved the system so that it could successfully broadcast live images. The US government gave him a patent for this system in 1930.
However， Farnsworth was not the only one working on such a system. A giant company， RCA（Radio Corporation of America）， also saw a bright future for television and did not want to miss the opportunity. They recruited Vladimir Zworykin， who had already worked on an electronic television system and had earned a patent as early as 1923. Yet， in 1931， they offered Farnsworth a large sum of money to sell them his patent as his system was superior to that of Zworykin’s. He refused this offer， which started a patent war between Farnsworth and RCA.
The company took legal action against Farnsworth， claiming that Zworykin’s 1923 patent had priority even though he had never made a working version of his system. Farnsworth lost the first two rounds of the court case. However， in the final round， the teacher who had copied Farnsworth’s blackboard drawings gave evidence that Farnsworth did have the idea of an electronic television system at least a year before Zworykin’s patent was issued. In 1934， a judge approved Farnsworth’s patent claim on the strength of handwritten notes made by his old high school teacher， Tolman.
Farnsworth died in 1971 at the age of 64. He held about 300 US and foreign patents， mostly in radio and television， and in 1999， TIME magazine included Farnsworth in Time 100： The Most Important People of the Century. In an interview after his death， Farnsworth’s wife Pem recalled Neil Armstrong’s moon landing being broadcast. Watching the television with her， Farnsworth had said， ”Pem， this has made it all worthwhile.” His story will
always be tied to his teenage dream of sending moving pictures through the air and those blackboard drawings at his high school.
Choose the best option for （ 38 ） to complete Achievements and Recognition.
- He and his wife were given an award for their work with RCA.
- He appeared on TV when Armstrong’s first moon landing was broadcast.
- His invention has enabled us to watch historic events live.
- Many teenagers have followed their dreams after watching him on TV.
正解！素晴らしいです
残念...
この過去問の解説 （1件）
01
プレゼンテーションノートの功績と評価を完成させるために、（３８）に入る最も適切な選択肢を選ぶ問題です。
訳）
英語の授業で偉大な発明家のプレゼンテーションを行います。あなたは次の記事を見つけ、プレゼンテーションのためにメモを準備しました。
・inventor（名詞） : 発明家という意味です。
・following（形容詞） : 次の、下記のという意味です。
・article（名詞） : 記事という意味です。
テレビを発明したのは誰でしょうか。これは簡単に答えられる質問ではありません。２０世紀初頭には、「機械式テレビ」と呼ばれるものがありましたが成功しませんでした。発明家たちは電子テレビの発明でも競争しており、これが後に、私たちが現在使っているテレビの基礎となりました。アメリカでは、電子式テレビの特許をめぐる争いがありました。この争いは、若い男性と巨大企業との対決だったため、人々の注目を集めました。この特許はその発明家に、そのシステムを開発・使用・販売できる唯一の公式な権利を与えるものでした。
・invent（動詞） : 発明するという意味です。
・compete（動詞） : 競争するという意味です。
・the basis of ～ : ～の基礎という意味です。
・patent（名詞） : 特許という意味です。
・attract（動詞） : 魅了する、注目を集めるという意味です。
・giant corporation : 大企業という意味です。
Philo Taylor Farnsworthは、１９０６年にユタ州の丸太小屋で生まれました。彼の家族は、彼が１２歳になるまで電気を使っていませんでしたが、新しい家に引っ越した時、発電機を見つけて彼は大興奮しました。彼は機械技術や電気技術に強い関心を持ち、その分野に関する情報を見つけては何でも読みました。古い発電機をよく修理し、母親が使っていた手動の洗濯機を電動式に改造したことさえありました。
・log cabin : 丸太小屋という意味です。
・generator（名詞） : 発電機という意味です。
・subject（名詞） : 分野という意味です。
ある日、父親のジャガイモ畑で作業をしているとき、彼は後ろを振り返り、自分が作ったまっすぐで平行な畑の列を目にしました。その瞬間、畑の列のような平行な線を使えば、画面上に電子画像を作れるのではないか、という考えがひらめきました。１９２２年、高校１年生の春学期に、彼はこの考えを化学の教師Justin Tolmanに話し、電子式テレビの構想について助言を求めました。黒板にスケッチや図を描きながら、それがどのように実現できるかを説明し、Tolmanは彼の考えを発展させるよう励ましました。
・parallel row : 平行な列という意味です。
・occur（動詞） : 生じる、起こるという意味です。
・concept（名詞） : 構想、発想という意味です。
・diagram（名詞） : 図、図形という意味です。
・accomplish（動詞） : 成し遂げる、完遂するという意味です。
・・encourage（動詞） : 励ますという意味です。
１９２７年９月７日、Farnsworthは初めて電子画像の送信に成功しました。その後数年間で、彼はこのシステムをさらに改良し、生放送の映像を問題なく送信できるようにしました。１９３０年、アメリカ政府はこのシステムに対して彼に特許を与えました。
・further（副詞） : さらにという意味です。
・broadcast（動詞） : 放送するという意味です。
しかし、このようなシステムに取り組んでいたのはFarnsworthだけではありませんでした。RCA（アメリカラジオ会社）という巨大企業も、テレビの明るい将来性に目を付け、この機会を逃したくないと考えていました。彼らは、１９２３年という早い時期に電子式テレビに関する特許を取得していたVladimir Zworykinを採用しました。それでも、１９３１年、RCAはFarnsworthのシステムの方がZworykinのものより優れていたため、多額の金額を提示して特許を売るように持ちかけました。しかし、彼はこれを拒否し、これがFarnsworthとRCSの間の特許戦争の始まりとなりました。
・work on ～ : ～に取り組むという意味です。
・a large sum of money : 多額の金額という意味です。
・superior（形容詞） : 上位の、～より優れているという意味です。
RＣＡはFarnsworthを相手取り、法的措置を取りました。Zworykinの１９２３年の特許が優先されるべきだと主張したのです。Zworykinは、実際に動作するシステムを作ったことがなかったにもかかわらずです。Farnsworthは裁判の２回では敗訴しました。しかし最終審では、 Farnsworthが高校時代に黒板に描いた図を写していた教師が証言し、Zworykinの特許が出される少なくとも１年前に、Farnsworthがすでに電子式テレビの発想を持っていたことが明らかになりました。１９３４年、裁判官は高校時代の教師、Tolmanが残していた手書きのメモを決定的証拠としてFarnsworthの特許請求を認めました。
・claim（動詞） : 主張するという意味です。
・priority（名詞） : 優先事項という意味です。
・court case : 裁判という意味です。
・issue a patent : 特許を発行するという意味です。
・on the strength of : ～を決め手としてという意味です。
・handwritten notes : 手書きのメモという意味です。
Farnsworthは１９７１年、６４歳で亡くなりました。彼はアメリカ国内および国外で約３００件の特許を保有しており、その多くはラジオやテレビに関するものでした。そして１９９９年、ＴＩＭＥ誌は彼を「２０世紀の最も重要な１００人」の１人に選びました。死後のインタビューで妻のPemは、Neil Armstrongの月面着陸がテレビ中継されたときのことを振り返っています。彼女とテレビを見ながらFarnsworthはこう言いました。「Pemこれですべてが報われたよ」と。彼の物語は、空中で動く映像を送るという１０代の頃の夢と、高校の黒板に描かれたあの図とこれからも切り離されることはありません。
・recall（動詞） : 思い出すという意味です。
・moon landing : 月面着陸という意味です。
・make it all worthwhile : すべてが報われるという意味です。
・be tied to ～ : ～と強く結びついているという意味です。
Philo Taylor Farnsworth(1906-1971)
-( 30 )-
幼少期・若年期
-電気のない丸太小屋で生まれた。
-( 31 )
-( 32 )
主な出来事の流れ
( 33 )
( 34 )
Farnsworthは最初の映像送信に成功した。
( 35 )
( 36 )
RCAがFarnsworthを訴えた。
結果
( 37 )のおかげで、FarnsworthはRCAとの特許争いに勝利した。
功績と評価
約３００件の特許を保有。
-ＴＩＭＥ誌は彼を２０世紀で最も重要な人物の１人に選んだ。
-( 38 )
不正解
彼と妻はRCAでの仕事により賞を与えられたという意味です。
FarnsworthはRCAと対立していたため不正解です。
不正解
Armstrongの月面着陸が放送されたとき、彼はテレビに出演したという意味です。
本文に記載がないため不正解です。
正解
彼の発明によって、私たちは歴史的な出来事を生中継で見ることができるようになったという意味です。
７段落目の中盤に、Farnsworth’s wife Pem recalled Neil Armstrong’s moon landing being broadcast. Watching the television with her， Farnsworth had said， ”Pem， this has made it all worthwhile.”（妻のPemは、Neil Armstrongの月面着陸がテレビ中継されたときのことを振り返っています。彼女とテレビを見ながらFarnsworthはこう言いました。「Pemこれですべてが報われたよ」と）と記載があります。月面着陸という歴史的な出来事がテレビで生中継され、それを可能にしたのがFarnsworthの発明です。業績として最もふさわしいため正解です。
不正解
多くの１０代の若者が、彼をテレビで見て夢を追うようになったという意味です。
本文に記載がないため不正解です。
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