大学入学共通テスト（英語） 過去問
令和4年度（2022年度）追・再試験
問31 (英語リーディング（第5問） 問2)
問題文
各問いの英文や図表を読み、解答番号にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。
You are applying for a scholarship to attend an international summer program.As part of the application process， you need to make a presentation about a famous person from another country.Complete your presentation slides based on the article below.
During his 87 years of life， both above and below the waves， Jacques Cousteau did many great things.He was an officer in the French navy， an explorer， an environmentalist， a filmmaker， a scientist， an author， and a researcher who studied all forms of underwater life.
Born in France in 1910， he went to school in Paris and then entered the French naval academy in 1930.After graduating in 1933， he was training to become a pilot， when he was involved in a car accident and was badly injured.This put an end to his flying career.To help recover from his injuries， Cousteau began swimming in the Mediterranean， which increased his interest in life underwater.Around this time， he carried out his first underwater research.Cousteau remained in the navy until 1949， even though he could no longer follow his dream of becoming a pilot.
In the 1940s， Cousteau became friends with Marcel Ichac， who lived in the same village.Both men shared a desire to explore unknown and difficult-to-reach places.For Ichac this was mountain peaks， and for Cousteau it was the mysterious world under the sea.In 1943， these two neighbors became widely recognized when they won a prize for the first French underwater documentary.
Their documentary， 18 Meters Deep， had been filmed the previous year without breathing equipment.After their success they went on to make another film， Shipwrecks， using one of the very first underwater breathing devices， known as the Aqua-Lung.While filming Shipwrecks， Cousteau was not satisfied with how long he could breathe underwater， and made improvements to its design.His improved equipment enabled him to explore the wreck of the Roman ship， the Mahdia， in 1948.
Cousteau was always watching the ocean， even from age four when he first learned how to swim.In his book， The Silent World， published in 1953， he describes a group of dolphins following his boat.He had long suspected that dolphins used echolocation（navigating with sound waves）、 so he decided to try an experiment.Cousteau changed direction by a few degrees so that the boat wasn’t following the best course， according to his underwater maps.The dolphins followed for a few minutes， but then changed back to their original course.Seeing this， Cousteau confirmed his prediction about their ability， even though human use of echolocation was still relatively new.
Throughout his life， Cousteau’s work would continue to be recognized internationally.He had the ability to capture the beauty of the world below the surface of the ocean with cameras， and he shared the images with ordinary people through his many publications.For this he was awarded the Special Gold Medal by National Geographic in 1961.Later， his lifelong passion for environmental work would help educate people on the necessity of protecting the ocean and aquatic life.For this he was honored in 1977 with the United Nations International Environment Prize.
Jacques Cousteau’s life has inspired writers， filmmakers， and even musicians.In 2010， Brad Matsen published Jacques Cousteau： The Sea King.This was followed by the film The Odyssey in 2016， which shows his time as the captain of the research boat Calypso.When Cousteau was at the peak of his career， the American musician John Denver used the research boat as the title for a piece on his album Windsong.
Cousteau himself produced more than 50 books and 120 television documentaries.His first documentary series， The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau， ran for ten years.His style of presentation made these programs very popular， and a second documentary series， The Cousteau Odyssey， was aired for another five years.Thanks to the life and work of Jacques Cousteau， we have a better understanding of what is going on under the waves.
Choose the best option to complete the Early Career（before 1940）slide.（ 31 ）
You are applying for a scholarship to attend an international summer program.As part of the application process， you need to make a presentation about a famous person from another country.Complete your presentation slides based on the article below.
During his 87 years of life， both above and below the waves， Jacques Cousteau did many great things.He was an officer in the French navy， an explorer， an environmentalist， a filmmaker， a scientist， an author， and a researcher who studied all forms of underwater life.
Born in France in 1910， he went to school in Paris and then entered the French naval academy in 1930.After graduating in 1933， he was training to become a pilot， when he was involved in a car accident and was badly injured.This put an end to his flying career.To help recover from his injuries， Cousteau began swimming in the Mediterranean， which increased his interest in life underwater.Around this time， he carried out his first underwater research.Cousteau remained in the navy until 1949， even though he could no longer follow his dream of becoming a pilot.
In the 1940s， Cousteau became friends with Marcel Ichac， who lived in the same village.Both men shared a desire to explore unknown and difficult-to-reach places.For Ichac this was mountain peaks， and for Cousteau it was the mysterious world under the sea.In 1943， these two neighbors became widely recognized when they won a prize for the first French underwater documentary.
Their documentary， 18 Meters Deep， had been filmed the previous year without breathing equipment.After their success they went on to make another film， Shipwrecks， using one of the very first underwater breathing devices， known as the Aqua-Lung.While filming Shipwrecks， Cousteau was not satisfied with how long he could breathe underwater， and made improvements to its design.His improved equipment enabled him to explore the wreck of the Roman ship， the Mahdia， in 1948.
Cousteau was always watching the ocean， even from age four when he first learned how to swim.In his book， The Silent World， published in 1953， he describes a group of dolphins following his boat.He had long suspected that dolphins used echolocation（navigating with sound waves）、 so he decided to try an experiment.Cousteau changed direction by a few degrees so that the boat wasn’t following the best course， according to his underwater maps.The dolphins followed for a few minutes， but then changed back to their original course.Seeing this， Cousteau confirmed his prediction about their ability， even though human use of echolocation was still relatively new.
Throughout his life， Cousteau’s work would continue to be recognized internationally.He had the ability to capture the beauty of the world below the surface of the ocean with cameras， and he shared the images with ordinary people through his many publications.For this he was awarded the Special Gold Medal by National Geographic in 1961.Later， his lifelong passion for environmental work would help educate people on the necessity of protecting the ocean and aquatic life.For this he was honored in 1977 with the United Nations International Environment Prize.
Jacques Cousteau’s life has inspired writers， filmmakers， and even musicians.In 2010， Brad Matsen published Jacques Cousteau： The Sea King.This was followed by the film The Odyssey in 2016， which shows his time as the captain of the research boat Calypso.When Cousteau was at the peak of his career， the American musician John Denver used the research boat as the title for a piece on his album Windsong.
Cousteau himself produced more than 50 books and 120 television documentaries.His first documentary series， The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau， ran for ten years.His style of presentation made these programs very popular， and a second documentary series， The Cousteau Odyssey， was aired for another five years.Thanks to the life and work of Jacques Cousteau， we have a better understanding of what is going on under the waves.
Choose the best option to complete the Early Career（before 1940）slide.（ 31 ）
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問題
大学入学共通テスト（英語）試験 令和4年度（2022年度）追・再試験 問31（英語リーディング（第5問） 問2） （訂正依頼・報告はこちら）
各問いの英文や図表を読み、解答番号にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。
You are applying for a scholarship to attend an international summer program.As part of the application process， you need to make a presentation about a famous person from another country.Complete your presentation slides based on the article below.
During his 87 years of life， both above and below the waves， Jacques Cousteau did many great things.He was an officer in the French navy， an explorer， an environmentalist， a filmmaker， a scientist， an author， and a researcher who studied all forms of underwater life.
Born in France in 1910， he went to school in Paris and then entered the French naval academy in 1930.After graduating in 1933， he was training to become a pilot， when he was involved in a car accident and was badly injured.This put an end to his flying career.To help recover from his injuries， Cousteau began swimming in the Mediterranean， which increased his interest in life underwater.Around this time， he carried out his first underwater research.Cousteau remained in the navy until 1949， even though he could no longer follow his dream of becoming a pilot.
In the 1940s， Cousteau became friends with Marcel Ichac， who lived in the same village.Both men shared a desire to explore unknown and difficult-to-reach places.For Ichac this was mountain peaks， and for Cousteau it was the mysterious world under the sea.In 1943， these two neighbors became widely recognized when they won a prize for the first French underwater documentary.
Their documentary， 18 Meters Deep， had been filmed the previous year without breathing equipment.After their success they went on to make another film， Shipwrecks， using one of the very first underwater breathing devices， known as the Aqua-Lung.While filming Shipwrecks， Cousteau was not satisfied with how long he could breathe underwater， and made improvements to its design.His improved equipment enabled him to explore the wreck of the Roman ship， the Mahdia， in 1948.
Cousteau was always watching the ocean， even from age four when he first learned how to swim.In his book， The Silent World， published in 1953， he describes a group of dolphins following his boat.He had long suspected that dolphins used echolocation（navigating with sound waves）、 so he decided to try an experiment.Cousteau changed direction by a few degrees so that the boat wasn’t following the best course， according to his underwater maps.The dolphins followed for a few minutes， but then changed back to their original course.Seeing this， Cousteau confirmed his prediction about their ability， even though human use of echolocation was still relatively new.
Throughout his life， Cousteau’s work would continue to be recognized internationally.He had the ability to capture the beauty of the world below the surface of the ocean with cameras， and he shared the images with ordinary people through his many publications.For this he was awarded the Special Gold Medal by National Geographic in 1961.Later， his lifelong passion for environmental work would help educate people on the necessity of protecting the ocean and aquatic life.For this he was honored in 1977 with the United Nations International Environment Prize.
Jacques Cousteau’s life has inspired writers， filmmakers， and even musicians.In 2010， Brad Matsen published Jacques Cousteau： The Sea King.This was followed by the film The Odyssey in 2016， which shows his time as the captain of the research boat Calypso.When Cousteau was at the peak of his career， the American musician John Denver used the research boat as the title for a piece on his album Windsong.
Cousteau himself produced more than 50 books and 120 television documentaries.His first documentary series， The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau， ran for ten years.His style of presentation made these programs very popular， and a second documentary series， The Cousteau Odyssey， was aired for another five years.Thanks to the life and work of Jacques Cousteau， we have a better understanding of what is going on under the waves.
Choose the best option to complete the Early Career（before 1940）slide.（ 31 ）
You are applying for a scholarship to attend an international summer program.As part of the application process， you need to make a presentation about a famous person from another country.Complete your presentation slides based on the article below.
During his 87 years of life， both above and below the waves， Jacques Cousteau did many great things.He was an officer in the French navy， an explorer， an environmentalist， a filmmaker， a scientist， an author， and a researcher who studied all forms of underwater life.
Born in France in 1910， he went to school in Paris and then entered the French naval academy in 1930.After graduating in 1933， he was training to become a pilot， when he was involved in a car accident and was badly injured.This put an end to his flying career.To help recover from his injuries， Cousteau began swimming in the Mediterranean， which increased his interest in life underwater.Around this time， he carried out his first underwater research.Cousteau remained in the navy until 1949， even though he could no longer follow his dream of becoming a pilot.
In the 1940s， Cousteau became friends with Marcel Ichac， who lived in the same village.Both men shared a desire to explore unknown and difficult-to-reach places.For Ichac this was mountain peaks， and for Cousteau it was the mysterious world under the sea.In 1943， these two neighbors became widely recognized when they won a prize for the first French underwater documentary.
Their documentary， 18 Meters Deep， had been filmed the previous year without breathing equipment.After their success they went on to make another film， Shipwrecks， using one of the very first underwater breathing devices， known as the Aqua-Lung.While filming Shipwrecks， Cousteau was not satisfied with how long he could breathe underwater， and made improvements to its design.His improved equipment enabled him to explore the wreck of the Roman ship， the Mahdia， in 1948.
Cousteau was always watching the ocean， even from age four when he first learned how to swim.In his book， The Silent World， published in 1953， he describes a group of dolphins following his boat.He had long suspected that dolphins used echolocation（navigating with sound waves）、 so he decided to try an experiment.Cousteau changed direction by a few degrees so that the boat wasn’t following the best course， according to his underwater maps.The dolphins followed for a few minutes， but then changed back to their original course.Seeing this， Cousteau confirmed his prediction about their ability， even though human use of echolocation was still relatively new.
Throughout his life， Cousteau’s work would continue to be recognized internationally.He had the ability to capture the beauty of the world below the surface of the ocean with cameras， and he shared the images with ordinary people through his many publications.For this he was awarded the Special Gold Medal by National Geographic in 1961.Later， his lifelong passion for environmental work would help educate people on the necessity of protecting the ocean and aquatic life.For this he was honored in 1977 with the United Nations International Environment Prize.
Jacques Cousteau’s life has inspired writers， filmmakers， and even musicians.In 2010， Brad Matsen published Jacques Cousteau： The Sea King.This was followed by the film The Odyssey in 2016， which shows his time as the captain of the research boat Calypso.When Cousteau was at the peak of his career， the American musician John Denver used the research boat as the title for a piece on his album Windsong.
Cousteau himself produced more than 50 books and 120 television documentaries.His first documentary series， The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau， ran for ten years.His style of presentation made these programs very popular， and a second documentary series， The Cousteau Odyssey， was aired for another five years.Thanks to the life and work of Jacques Cousteau， we have a better understanding of what is going on under the waves.
Choose the best option to complete the Early Career（before 1940）slide.（ 31 ）
- Developed underwater breathing equipment
- Forced to give up his dream of becoming a pilot
- Shifted his focus from the ocean to the air
- Suffered severe injuries while underwater
正解！素晴らしいです
残念...
この過去問の解説 （1件）
01
ジャック・クストーの初期の経歴（１９４０年以前）のスライドを完成させるために、もっとも適切な選択肢を選ぶ問題です。
訳）
あなたは国際サマープログラムに参加するための奨学金に応募しています。その応募プロセスの一環として、他国の有名人についてのプレゼンテーションを作成しなければなりません。以下の記事に基づいて、プレゼンテーションのスライドを完成させてください。
彼の８７年間の人生の中で、海上でも海中でも、ジャック・クストーは多くの偉大なことを成し遂げました。彼はフランス海軍の士官、探検家、環境保護活動家、映画の脚本家、科学者、作家、そしてあらゆる海中生物の研究者でした。
・officer（名詞） : 士官という意味です。
・environmentalist（名詞） : 環境保護活動家という意味です。
・underwater life : 海中生物という意味です。
１９１０年にフランスで生まれ、パリの学校に通い、１９３０年にフランス海軍学校に入りました。１９３３年に卒業後、パイロットになる訓練を受けていましたが、交通事故で大けがを負い、その夢は断たれました。けがの回復のため、クストーは地中海で泳ぎ始め、海中への関心が深まりました。この頃、彼は初めての海中研究を行いました。パイロットにはなれませんでしたが、クストーは１９４９年まで海軍に所属し続けました。
・involve（動詞） : 巻き込むという意味です。
・Mediterranean（名詞） : 地中海という意味です。
・carrｙ out : 行う、実行するという意味です。
１９４０年代、クストーは同じ村に住むマルセル・イシャックと友人になりました。２人とも、未知で困難な場所を探検したいという思いを共有していました。イシャックにとっては山の頂上、クストーにとっては海の深い世界です。１９４３年、２人はフランス初の海中ドキュメンタリーで賞を受け、有名になりました。
・unknown（形容詞） : 未知、知られていないという意味です。
・difficult-to-reach places : 到達、たどり着くのに難しい場所という意味です。
・peak（名詞） : 頂上、てっぺんという意味です。
・recognize（動詞） : 表彰する、称える、認めるという意味です。
その作品「１８メートルの深み」は、前年に呼吸装置なしで撮影されたものでした。その成功後、彼らはアクアラング（初期の海中呼吸装置）を使って難破船を撮影しました。撮影中クストーは水中で呼吸できる時間に満足できず、装置を改良しました。改良した装置で、彼は１９４８年にローマ時代の船アフディア号の残骸の調査をしました。
・breathing equipment : 呼吸装置という意味です。
・is satisfied with : ～に満足するという意味です。
・improvement（名詞） : 改良という意味です。
・enable 人 to : 人に～できるようにするという意味です。
・wreck（残骸） : 残骸という意味です。
クストーは４歳のころ水泳を覚えて以来、常に海を見つめてきました。１９５３年出版の「沈黙の世界」で、イルカが船についてくる様子を書いています。クストーは以前から、イルカが「反響定位（音で周囲を把握する能力）」を使うと考えており、ある実験を行うことを決めました。クストーは水中地図の最適な航路を進まないように、船の進む方向を数度だけ変えました。するとイルカはしばらくついてきましたが、やがて元の正しい進路へ戻りました。これを見て、人による反響定位の利用は比較的新しかったにもかかわらず、クストーは自分の考えが正しいことを確信しました。
・describe（動詞）: 描く、記述するという意味です。
・suspect（動詞） : 疑うという意味です。
・confirm（動詞）: 確認する、裏付けるという意味です。
・prediction（名詞） : 予言、予報という意味です。
・relatively（副詞） : 比較的という意味です。
彼の生涯の仕事は世界的に高く評価されました。クストーは海中の美しさをカメラで見事に捉え、出版物を通して多くの人々に共有しました。これにより、１９６１年にはナショナルジオグラフィック協会の特別金賞を授与されました。その後彼の生涯にわたる環境保護への情熱は、人々に海や水生生物を守る必要性を教える助けとなりました。この功績により、１９７７年に国連国際環境賞を受賞しました。
・publication（名詞） : 出版物という意味です。
・necessity（名詞） : 必要なこと、不可欠なものという意味です。
・aquatic life : 水生生物、海洋生物という意味です。
クストーの生涯は作家、映画監督、音楽家にも影響を与えました。２０１０年にはブラッド・マツセンは「海の王 ジャック・クストー」を出版しました。２０１６年には彼の研究船カリプソ号時代を描いた映画「オデッセイ」が公開されました。また、クストーがキャリアの絶頂期にあったころ、アメリカの音楽家ジョン・デンバーは、研究船の名を自身のアルバム「ウィンドソング」の収録曲のタイトルに使いました。
クストー自身も５０冊以上の本と１２０のＴＶドキュメンタリーを制作しました。最初のシリーズ「クストーの海底世界」は１０年続き、彼独自のプレゼンテーションスタイルにより非常に人気を集めました。続く第２シリーズ「クストーのオデッセイ」は５年放送されました。ジャック・クストーのおかげで、私たちは海の中で何が起きているかをより深く理解できるようになりました。
・air（動詞） : 放送するという意味です。
初期の経歴（１９４０年以前）
・海軍学校を卒業
・＿＿＿＿＿
・海中研究を始めた
・そのまま海軍勤務を続けた
不正解
水中呼吸装置を開発したという意味です。
アクアラングの開発は１９４３年以降のため不適切です。
正解
パイロットになる夢をあきらめざるを得なかったという意味です。
2段落目に、After graduating in 1933， he was training to become a pilot， when he was involved in a car accident and was badly injured.This put an end to his flying career（１９３３年に卒業後、パイロットになる訓練を受けていましたが、交通事故で大けがを負い、その夢は断たれました）.と述べられているため正解です。
不正解
関心を海から空へ移したという意味です。
空から海に興味が移ったため不正解です。
・shift（動詞） : 移すという意味です。
不正解
水中で重傷を負ったという意味です。
けがをしたのは交通事故のため不正解です。
海軍学校卒業後、パイロットを目指す→事故で断念→海中研究の道に進む流れなので、「Forced to give up his dream of becoming a pilot」が正解です。
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