共通テスト（英語） 過去問
令和7年度（2025年度）追・再試験
問77 (英語リスニング（第5問） 問7)
問題文
最初に講義を聞き、問いに答えなさい。
＜状況＞
あなたは、大学で都市計画に関する科目を履修していて、一連の活動（活動1，2，3）に取り組んでいます。
＜活動1＞
あなたは、ワークシートにメモを取りながら、講義を聞いています。
In our last class， we looked at how climate change is presenting challenges for cities across the globe. Today we will focus on what city planners are doing to deal with extreme heat in cities. To reduce temperatures， urban designers are adding “passive cooling” elements. This means designing and redeveloping greenery， streets， and buildings in specific ways to reduce heat in the city.
Greenery， or “green coverage，” includes parks， gardens， trees， and other types of vegetation that provide shade. A study conducted in Melbourne， Australia， suggests a 10 percent increase in green coverage could reduce daytime temperatures by 1 degree Celsius. Other advantages are better psychological health for residents and a richer variety of wildlife.
The layout of streets can play an important role in passive cooling. By placing streets in line with local wind patterns， air can flow easily through a city， lowering the temperature. One study shows that tropical cities like Singapore could benefit from having streets arranged so that ocean winds move through them， cooling the city off. Additionally， good wind flow decreases air pollution， improving residents’ health.
Building design can also affect city temperatures. Many studies recommend the use of buildings of various heights. High−rise buildings create shade and low−rise buildings allow wind to blow hot air away. In tropical cities near the ocean， like Manila in the Philippines， low−rise buildings should be built near the shore so breezes reach the inside of the city. As an added benefit， buildings of various sizes make the city visually attractive.
These are some ways that good use of urban design can help cool our cities and make them better places to live.
＜活動2＞
あなたは、講義の要約を書く準備をしています。グループのメンバー A，Bと内容を口頭で確認しています。
StudentA：
Although passive cooling can lower temperatures in tropical cities， it can also have negative effects on health.
StudentB：
Cities can be planned or redesigned in various ways to reduce heat levels.
＜活動3＞
あなたは、Joe と May との三人で、後の図表を見ながら、講義の内容についてディスカッションの準備をしています。
Joe と May の会話の内容及び講義の内容からどのようなことが言えるか、最も適切なものを、四つの選択肢のうちから一つ選びなさい。余白を使ってメモを取ってもかまいません。
May： This graph from a city planning report shows how effective different amounts of green coverage are at cooling urban spaces. Lower scores mean lower temperatures.
Joe： Really？ I thought more greenery would always mean cooler temperatures. I guess not.
May： Exactly. The report says the shadows of tall buildings could cool cities better than the shade of trees in the morning and late afternoon.
Joe： Yeah. Trees mostly create shade around noon， when the sun is directly overhead.
＜状況＞
あなたは、大学で都市計画に関する科目を履修していて、一連の活動（活動1，2，3）に取り組んでいます。
＜活動1＞
あなたは、ワークシートにメモを取りながら、講義を聞いています。
In our last class， we looked at how climate change is presenting challenges for cities across the globe. Today we will focus on what city planners are doing to deal with extreme heat in cities. To reduce temperatures， urban designers are adding “passive cooling” elements. This means designing and redeveloping greenery， streets， and buildings in specific ways to reduce heat in the city.
Greenery， or “green coverage，” includes parks， gardens， trees， and other types of vegetation that provide shade. A study conducted in Melbourne， Australia， suggests a 10 percent increase in green coverage could reduce daytime temperatures by 1 degree Celsius. Other advantages are better psychological health for residents and a richer variety of wildlife.
The layout of streets can play an important role in passive cooling. By placing streets in line with local wind patterns， air can flow easily through a city， lowering the temperature. One study shows that tropical cities like Singapore could benefit from having streets arranged so that ocean winds move through them， cooling the city off. Additionally， good wind flow decreases air pollution， improving residents’ health.
Building design can also affect city temperatures. Many studies recommend the use of buildings of various heights. High−rise buildings create shade and low−rise buildings allow wind to blow hot air away. In tropical cities near the ocean， like Manila in the Philippines， low−rise buildings should be built near the shore so breezes reach the inside of the city. As an added benefit， buildings of various sizes make the city visually attractive.
These are some ways that good use of urban design can help cool our cities and make them better places to live.
＜活動2＞
あなたは、講義の要約を書く準備をしています。グループのメンバー A，Bと内容を口頭で確認しています。
StudentA：
Although passive cooling can lower temperatures in tropical cities， it can also have negative effects on health.
StudentB：
Cities can be planned or redesigned in various ways to reduce heat levels.
＜活動3＞
あなたは、Joe と May との三人で、後の図表を見ながら、講義の内容についてディスカッションの準備をしています。
Joe と May の会話の内容及び講義の内容からどのようなことが言えるか、最も適切なものを、四つの選択肢のうちから一つ選びなさい。余白を使ってメモを取ってもかまいません。
May： This graph from a city planning report shows how effective different amounts of green coverage are at cooling urban spaces. Lower scores mean lower temperatures.
Joe： Really？ I thought more greenery would always mean cooler temperatures. I guess not.
May： Exactly. The report says the shadows of tall buildings could cool cities better than the shade of trees in the morning and late afternoon.
Joe： Yeah. Trees mostly create shade around noon， when the sun is directly overhead.
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問題
共通テスト（英語）試験 令和7年度（2025年度）追・再試験 問77（英語リスニング（第5問） 問7） （訂正依頼・報告はこちら）
最初に講義を聞き、問いに答えなさい。
＜状況＞
あなたは、大学で都市計画に関する科目を履修していて、一連の活動（活動1，2，3）に取り組んでいます。
＜活動1＞
あなたは、ワークシートにメモを取りながら、講義を聞いています。
In our last class， we looked at how climate change is presenting challenges for cities across the globe. Today we will focus on what city planners are doing to deal with extreme heat in cities. To reduce temperatures， urban designers are adding “passive cooling” elements. This means designing and redeveloping greenery， streets， and buildings in specific ways to reduce heat in the city.
Greenery， or “green coverage，” includes parks， gardens， trees， and other types of vegetation that provide shade. A study conducted in Melbourne， Australia， suggests a 10 percent increase in green coverage could reduce daytime temperatures by 1 degree Celsius. Other advantages are better psychological health for residents and a richer variety of wildlife.
The layout of streets can play an important role in passive cooling. By placing streets in line with local wind patterns， air can flow easily through a city， lowering the temperature. One study shows that tropical cities like Singapore could benefit from having streets arranged so that ocean winds move through them， cooling the city off. Additionally， good wind flow decreases air pollution， improving residents’ health.
Building design can also affect city temperatures. Many studies recommend the use of buildings of various heights. High−rise buildings create shade and low−rise buildings allow wind to blow hot air away. In tropical cities near the ocean， like Manila in the Philippines， low−rise buildings should be built near the shore so breezes reach the inside of the city. As an added benefit， buildings of various sizes make the city visually attractive.
These are some ways that good use of urban design can help cool our cities and make them better places to live.
＜活動2＞
あなたは、講義の要約を書く準備をしています。グループのメンバー A，Bと内容を口頭で確認しています。
StudentA：
Although passive cooling can lower temperatures in tropical cities， it can also have negative effects on health.
StudentB：
Cities can be planned or redesigned in various ways to reduce heat levels.
＜活動3＞
あなたは、Joe と May との三人で、後の図表を見ながら、講義の内容についてディスカッションの準備をしています。
Joe と May の会話の内容及び講義の内容からどのようなことが言えるか、最も適切なものを、四つの選択肢のうちから一つ選びなさい。余白を使ってメモを取ってもかまいません。
May： This graph from a city planning report shows how effective different amounts of green coverage are at cooling urban spaces. Lower scores mean lower temperatures.
Joe： Really？ I thought more greenery would always mean cooler temperatures. I guess not.
May： Exactly. The report says the shadows of tall buildings could cool cities better than the shade of trees in the morning and late afternoon.
Joe： Yeah. Trees mostly create shade around noon， when the sun is directly overhead.
＜状況＞
あなたは、大学で都市計画に関する科目を履修していて、一連の活動（活動1，2，3）に取り組んでいます。
＜活動1＞
あなたは、ワークシートにメモを取りながら、講義を聞いています。
In our last class， we looked at how climate change is presenting challenges for cities across the globe. Today we will focus on what city planners are doing to deal with extreme heat in cities. To reduce temperatures， urban designers are adding “passive cooling” elements. This means designing and redeveloping greenery， streets， and buildings in specific ways to reduce heat in the city.
Greenery， or “green coverage，” includes parks， gardens， trees， and other types of vegetation that provide shade. A study conducted in Melbourne， Australia， suggests a 10 percent increase in green coverage could reduce daytime temperatures by 1 degree Celsius. Other advantages are better psychological health for residents and a richer variety of wildlife.
The layout of streets can play an important role in passive cooling. By placing streets in line with local wind patterns， air can flow easily through a city， lowering the temperature. One study shows that tropical cities like Singapore could benefit from having streets arranged so that ocean winds move through them， cooling the city off. Additionally， good wind flow decreases air pollution， improving residents’ health.
Building design can also affect city temperatures. Many studies recommend the use of buildings of various heights. High−rise buildings create shade and low−rise buildings allow wind to blow hot air away. In tropical cities near the ocean， like Manila in the Philippines， low−rise buildings should be built near the shore so breezes reach the inside of the city. As an added benefit， buildings of various sizes make the city visually attractive.
These are some ways that good use of urban design can help cool our cities and make them better places to live.
＜活動2＞
あなたは、講義の要約を書く準備をしています。グループのメンバー A，Bと内容を口頭で確認しています。
StudentA：
Although passive cooling can lower temperatures in tropical cities， it can also have negative effects on health.
StudentB：
Cities can be planned or redesigned in various ways to reduce heat levels.
＜活動3＞
あなたは、Joe と May との三人で、後の図表を見ながら、講義の内容についてディスカッションの準備をしています。
Joe と May の会話の内容及び講義の内容からどのようなことが言えるか、最も適切なものを、四つの選択肢のうちから一つ選びなさい。余白を使ってメモを取ってもかまいません。
May： This graph from a city planning report shows how effective different amounts of green coverage are at cooling urban spaces. Lower scores mean lower temperatures.
Joe： Really？ I thought more greenery would always mean cooler temperatures. I guess not.
May： Exactly. The report says the shadows of tall buildings could cool cities better than the shade of trees in the morning and late afternoon.
Joe： Yeah. Trees mostly create shade around noon， when the sun is directly overhead.
- In urban areas， 40％ green coverage is best because this allows more room for well−organized streets.
- Low−rise buildings can cool cities and， at certain times of day， high−rise buildings can cool better than green coverage.
- Tall buildings are ineffective for cooling cities， but even a small increase in green coverage can reduce temperatures.
- The score of 22.1 is the best on the chart because increased green coverage lowers city temperatures.
正解！素晴らしいです
残念...
この過去問の解説 （1件）
01
まずは2人の会話を見ていきます。
メイ: 都市の計画報告からのこのグラフは、緑で覆われた土地の異なる量は、都会を冷やすのにどれほど効果的かを示している。より低いスコアは、気温がより低いことを意味しているの。
ジョー: 本当?緑が多いことは、常に気温が低いことを意味しているんだと思っていたよ。そうじゃないんだね。
メイ: その通り｡報告書では、午前中と午後の後半は、木陰より高い建物の日陰の方が、都市を冷やすことができるとあるんだ。
ジョー:うん。木は、だいたいお昼頃に日陰を作るよね、ちようど太陽が頭上に来た頃に。
となっています。
この会話内容とグラフに当てはまるものを選びます。
「都会では、40%の緑被地が1番良い。なぜなら、これは、よく整った道のための空間を作るからだ。」
このような発言やデータはありません。
正解 「低層の建物は、一日のある時間帯には、都市を冷やすことができ、高い建物は、緑被地よりも涼めることができる。」
講義では、
low−rise buildings allow wind to blow hot air away.
（低層の建物は、風に熱気を吹き飛ばさせます。）
とあり、低層の建物は、風を都市に入れさせることで、都市を冷やす効果があるとありました。
さらに、2人の会話で、
The report says the shadows of tall buildings could cool cities better than the shade of trees in the morning and late afternoon.
(報告書では、午前中と午後の後半は、木陰より高い建物の日陰の方が、都市を冷やすことができるとあるんだ。)
とあるため、どちらも正しいため、正解と言えます。
「建物は都市を冷やすことに効果はないが、緑被地が少し増えるだけで、気温を下げることができる。」
The report says the shadows of tall buildings could cool cities better than the shade of trees in the morning and late afternoon.
(報告書では、午前中と午後の後半は、木陰より高い建物の日陰の方が、都市を冷やすことができるとあるんだ。)
とあり、建物にも都市を冷やす効果があるとわかるため、誤りです。
「22.1というスコアは、表の中でもっとも良い。なぜなら、緑被地げ増えるほど、都市の気温が低くなるからだ。」
会話で、「スコアが低いほど、気温が低い」とあるため、22.1は、もっとも良いとは言えない。
またグラフより、緑被地の率が上がるほど、気温が低いとは言えないため、誤りである。
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