大学入学共通テスト（英語） 過去問
令和5年度（2023年度）本試験
問126 (＜旧課程＞英語リーディング（第6問） 問3)
問題文
各問いの英文や図表を読み、解答番号にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。
You are in a discussion group in school. You have been asked to summarize the following article. You will speak about it， using only notes.
Collecting
Collecting has existed at all levels of society， across cultures and age groups since early times. Museums are proof that things have been collected， saved， and passed down for future generations. There are various reasons for starting a collection. For example， Ms. A enjoys going to yard sales every Saturday morning with her children. At yard sales， people sell unwanted things in front of their houses. One day， while looking for antique dishes， an unusual painting caught her eye and she bought it for only a few dollars. Over time， she found similar pieces that left an impression on her， and she now has a modest collection of artwork， some of which may be worth more than she paid. One person’s trash can be another person’s treasure. Regardless of how someone’s collection was started， it is human nature to collect things.
In 1988， researchers Brenda Danet and Tamar Katriel analyzed 80 years of studies on children under the age of 10， and found that about 90％ collected something. This shows us that people like to gather things from an early age. Even after becoming adults， people continue collecting stuff. Researchers in the field generally agree that approximately one third of adults maintain this behavior. Why is this？ The primary explanation is related to emotions. Some save greeting cards from friends and family， dried flowers from special events， seashells from a day at the beach， old photos， and so on. For others， their collection is a connection to their youth. They may have baseball cards， comic books， dolls， or miniature cars that they have kept since they were small. Others have an attachment to history； they seek and hold onto historical documents， signed letters and autographs from famous people， and so forth.
For some individuals there is a social reason. People collect things such as pins to share， show， and even trade， making new friends this way. Others， like some holders of Guinness World Records， appreciate the fame they achieve for their unique collection. Cards， stickers， stamps， coins， and toys have topped the ”usual” collection list， but some collectors lean toward the more unexpected. In September 2014， Guinness World Records recognized Harry Sperl， of Germany， for having the largest hamburger−related collection in the world， with 3，724 items； from T−shirts to pillows to dog toys， Sperl’s room is filled with all things ”hamburger.” Similarly， Liu Fuchang， of China， is a collector of playing cards. He has 11，087 different sets.
Perhaps the easiest motivation to understand is pleasure. Some people start collections for pure enjoyment. They may purchase and put up paintings just to gaze at frequently， or they may collect audio recordings and old− fashioned vinyl records to enjoy listening to their favorite music. This type of collector is unlikely to be very interested in the monetary value of their treasured music， while others collect objects specifically as an investment. While it is possible to download certain classic games for free， having the same game unopened in its original packaging， in ”mint condition，” can make the game worth a lot. Owning various valuable ”collector’s items” could ensure some financial security.
This behavior of collecting things will definitely continue into the distant future. Although the reasons why people keep things will likely remain the same， advances in technology will have an influence on collections. As technology can remove physical constraints， it is now possible for an individual to have vast digital libraries of music and art that would have been unimaginable 30 years ago. It is unclear， though， what other impacts technology will have on collections. Can you even imagine the form and scale that the next generation’s collections will take？
Choose the best options for（ 41 ）and（ 42 ）.（The order does not matter.）
You are in a discussion group in school. You have been asked to summarize the following article. You will speak about it， using only notes.
Collecting
Collecting has existed at all levels of society， across cultures and age groups since early times. Museums are proof that things have been collected， saved， and passed down for future generations. There are various reasons for starting a collection. For example， Ms. A enjoys going to yard sales every Saturday morning with her children. At yard sales， people sell unwanted things in front of their houses. One day， while looking for antique dishes， an unusual painting caught her eye and she bought it for only a few dollars. Over time， she found similar pieces that left an impression on her， and she now has a modest collection of artwork， some of which may be worth more than she paid. One person’s trash can be another person’s treasure. Regardless of how someone’s collection was started， it is human nature to collect things.
In 1988， researchers Brenda Danet and Tamar Katriel analyzed 80 years of studies on children under the age of 10， and found that about 90％ collected something. This shows us that people like to gather things from an early age. Even after becoming adults， people continue collecting stuff. Researchers in the field generally agree that approximately one third of adults maintain this behavior. Why is this？ The primary explanation is related to emotions. Some save greeting cards from friends and family， dried flowers from special events， seashells from a day at the beach， old photos， and so on. For others， their collection is a connection to their youth. They may have baseball cards， comic books， dolls， or miniature cars that they have kept since they were small. Others have an attachment to history； they seek and hold onto historical documents， signed letters and autographs from famous people， and so forth.
For some individuals there is a social reason. People collect things such as pins to share， show， and even trade， making new friends this way. Others， like some holders of Guinness World Records， appreciate the fame they achieve for their unique collection. Cards， stickers， stamps， coins， and toys have topped the ”usual” collection list， but some collectors lean toward the more unexpected. In September 2014， Guinness World Records recognized Harry Sperl， of Germany， for having the largest hamburger−related collection in the world， with 3，724 items； from T−shirts to pillows to dog toys， Sperl’s room is filled with all things ”hamburger.” Similarly， Liu Fuchang， of China， is a collector of playing cards. He has 11，087 different sets.
Perhaps the easiest motivation to understand is pleasure. Some people start collections for pure enjoyment. They may purchase and put up paintings just to gaze at frequently， or they may collect audio recordings and old− fashioned vinyl records to enjoy listening to their favorite music. This type of collector is unlikely to be very interested in the monetary value of their treasured music， while others collect objects specifically as an investment. While it is possible to download certain classic games for free， having the same game unopened in its original packaging， in ”mint condition，” can make the game worth a lot. Owning various valuable ”collector’s items” could ensure some financial security.
This behavior of collecting things will definitely continue into the distant future. Although the reasons why people keep things will likely remain the same， advances in technology will have an influence on collections. As technology can remove physical constraints， it is now possible for an individual to have vast digital libraries of music and art that would have been unimaginable 30 years ago. It is unclear， though， what other impacts technology will have on collections. Can you even imagine the form and scale that the next generation’s collections will take？
Choose the best options for（ 41 ）and（ 42 ）.（The order does not matter.）
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問題
大学入学共通テスト（英語）試験 令和5年度（2023年度）本試験 問126（＜旧課程＞英語リーディング（第6問） 問3） （訂正依頼・報告はこちら）
各問いの英文や図表を読み、解答番号にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。
You are in a discussion group in school. You have been asked to summarize the following article. You will speak about it， using only notes.
Collecting
Collecting has existed at all levels of society， across cultures and age groups since early times. Museums are proof that things have been collected， saved， and passed down for future generations. There are various reasons for starting a collection. For example， Ms. A enjoys going to yard sales every Saturday morning with her children. At yard sales， people sell unwanted things in front of their houses. One day， while looking for antique dishes， an unusual painting caught her eye and she bought it for only a few dollars. Over time， she found similar pieces that left an impression on her， and she now has a modest collection of artwork， some of which may be worth more than she paid. One person’s trash can be another person’s treasure. Regardless of how someone’s collection was started， it is human nature to collect things.
In 1988， researchers Brenda Danet and Tamar Katriel analyzed 80 years of studies on children under the age of 10， and found that about 90％ collected something. This shows us that people like to gather things from an early age. Even after becoming adults， people continue collecting stuff. Researchers in the field generally agree that approximately one third of adults maintain this behavior. Why is this？ The primary explanation is related to emotions. Some save greeting cards from friends and family， dried flowers from special events， seashells from a day at the beach， old photos， and so on. For others， their collection is a connection to their youth. They may have baseball cards， comic books， dolls， or miniature cars that they have kept since they were small. Others have an attachment to history； they seek and hold onto historical documents， signed letters and autographs from famous people， and so forth.
For some individuals there is a social reason. People collect things such as pins to share， show， and even trade， making new friends this way. Others， like some holders of Guinness World Records， appreciate the fame they achieve for their unique collection. Cards， stickers， stamps， coins， and toys have topped the ”usual” collection list， but some collectors lean toward the more unexpected. In September 2014， Guinness World Records recognized Harry Sperl， of Germany， for having the largest hamburger−related collection in the world， with 3，724 items； from T−shirts to pillows to dog toys， Sperl’s room is filled with all things ”hamburger.” Similarly， Liu Fuchang， of China， is a collector of playing cards. He has 11，087 different sets.
Perhaps the easiest motivation to understand is pleasure. Some people start collections for pure enjoyment. They may purchase and put up paintings just to gaze at frequently， or they may collect audio recordings and old− fashioned vinyl records to enjoy listening to their favorite music. This type of collector is unlikely to be very interested in the monetary value of their treasured music， while others collect objects specifically as an investment. While it is possible to download certain classic games for free， having the same game unopened in its original packaging， in ”mint condition，” can make the game worth a lot. Owning various valuable ”collector’s items” could ensure some financial security.
This behavior of collecting things will definitely continue into the distant future. Although the reasons why people keep things will likely remain the same， advances in technology will have an influence on collections. As technology can remove physical constraints， it is now possible for an individual to have vast digital libraries of music and art that would have been unimaginable 30 years ago. It is unclear， though， what other impacts technology will have on collections. Can you even imagine the form and scale that the next generation’s collections will take？
Choose the best options for（ 41 ）and（ 42 ）.（The order does not matter.）
You are in a discussion group in school. You have been asked to summarize the following article. You will speak about it， using only notes.
Collecting
Collecting has existed at all levels of society， across cultures and age groups since early times. Museums are proof that things have been collected， saved， and passed down for future generations. There are various reasons for starting a collection. For example， Ms. A enjoys going to yard sales every Saturday morning with her children. At yard sales， people sell unwanted things in front of their houses. One day， while looking for antique dishes， an unusual painting caught her eye and she bought it for only a few dollars. Over time， she found similar pieces that left an impression on her， and she now has a modest collection of artwork， some of which may be worth more than she paid. One person’s trash can be another person’s treasure. Regardless of how someone’s collection was started， it is human nature to collect things.
In 1988， researchers Brenda Danet and Tamar Katriel analyzed 80 years of studies on children under the age of 10， and found that about 90％ collected something. This shows us that people like to gather things from an early age. Even after becoming adults， people continue collecting stuff. Researchers in the field generally agree that approximately one third of adults maintain this behavior. Why is this？ The primary explanation is related to emotions. Some save greeting cards from friends and family， dried flowers from special events， seashells from a day at the beach， old photos， and so on. For others， their collection is a connection to their youth. They may have baseball cards， comic books， dolls， or miniature cars that they have kept since they were small. Others have an attachment to history； they seek and hold onto historical documents， signed letters and autographs from famous people， and so forth.
For some individuals there is a social reason. People collect things such as pins to share， show， and even trade， making new friends this way. Others， like some holders of Guinness World Records， appreciate the fame they achieve for their unique collection. Cards， stickers， stamps， coins， and toys have topped the ”usual” collection list， but some collectors lean toward the more unexpected. In September 2014， Guinness World Records recognized Harry Sperl， of Germany， for having the largest hamburger−related collection in the world， with 3，724 items； from T−shirts to pillows to dog toys， Sperl’s room is filled with all things ”hamburger.” Similarly， Liu Fuchang， of China， is a collector of playing cards. He has 11，087 different sets.
Perhaps the easiest motivation to understand is pleasure. Some people start collections for pure enjoyment. They may purchase and put up paintings just to gaze at frequently， or they may collect audio recordings and old− fashioned vinyl records to enjoy listening to their favorite music. This type of collector is unlikely to be very interested in the monetary value of their treasured music， while others collect objects specifically as an investment. While it is possible to download certain classic games for free， having the same game unopened in its original packaging， in ”mint condition，” can make the game worth a lot. Owning various valuable ”collector’s items” could ensure some financial security.
This behavior of collecting things will definitely continue into the distant future. Although the reasons why people keep things will likely remain the same， advances in technology will have an influence on collections. As technology can remove physical constraints， it is now possible for an individual to have vast digital libraries of music and art that would have been unimaginable 30 years ago. It is unclear， though， what other impacts technology will have on collections. Can you even imagine the form and scale that the next generation’s collections will take？
Choose the best options for（ 41 ）and（ 42 ）.（The order does not matter.）
- desire to advance technology
- fear of missing unexpected opportunities
- filling a sense of emptiness
- reminder of precious events
- reusing objects for the future
- seeking some sort of profit
正解！素晴らしいです
残念...
この過去問の解説 （1件）
01
設問：（ 41 ）と（ 42 ）に入る最も適切な選択肢を２つ選びなさい。
！問題のポイント！
①本文にある理由を、抽象表現に言い換える問題です。
訳）
あなたは学校でディスカッショングループに参加してます。次の文章を要約するよう求められています。メモだけを使ってその内容について話すことになります。
収集
収集は古くから社会のあらゆる階層において、文化や年齢層を問わず存在してきた。博物館は、物が収集され、保存され。そして将来の世代へ受け継がれてきたことの証拠である。人が収集を始める理由はさまざまだ。例えばＡさんは、毎週土曜日の朝に子どもたちと一緒にガレージセールへ行くのを楽しみにしている。ガレージセールでは、人々が家の前で不要になった物を売る。ある日、彼女がアンティークの皿を探していると、風変わりな絵が目に留まり、数ドルという安い値段でそれを買った。時がたつにつれて、彼女は同じように印象に残る作品を見つけるようになり、今ではささやかなアート作品のコレクションを持つようになった。その中には、購入時よりも高い値段がついているかもしれないものもある。ある人にとってのゴミが、別の人になっては宝物になることもある。どのようにしてその人のコレクションが始まったにせよ、物を集めることは人間の本能なのである。
・pass down : 受け継ぐ
・unwanted things : 不用品
・impression（名詞） : 印象
・modest（形容詞） : 控え目
・regardless of ～ : ～にかかわらず
１９８８年、研究者のBrenda DanetとTamar Katrielは、１０歳未満の子どもに関する８０年分の研究を分析し、約９０％の子どもが何かを集めていることを発見した。これは、人が幼い頃から物を集めることを好むということを示している。大人になってからも、人々は物を集め続ける。研究分野の専門家たちは、成人のおよそ３分の１がこの行動を維持しているという点でおおむね一致している。なぜなのだろうか。主な説明は感情に関係している。友人や家族からのグリーティングカード、特別な出来事の際のドライフラワー、海辺で拾った貝殻、古い写真などを保存している人もいる。また別の人にとっては、コレクションが若い頃のつながりになっている。彼らは野球カード、漫画本、人形、ミニカーなど、幼い頃から持ち続けている物を集めているかもしれない。さらに別の人々は歴史に愛着を持っており、歴史的文書や、有名人の署名入りの手紙やサインなどを探し求めて保管する。
・approximately（副詞） : おおよそ、約
・primary（形容詞） : 主な、主要な
・attachment（名詞） : 愛着
・and so forth : などなど
人によっては社会的な理由もある。例えばピンバッチなどを集め、それを見せ合ったり交換したりすることで新しい友人を作る人がいる。また、ギネス世界記録の保持者の中には、自分のユニークなコレクションによって得られる名声を喜ぶ人もいる。カード、シール、切手、硬貨、おもちゃなどは「よくある」コレクションの上位を占めているが、意外なものに傾く収集家もいる。２０１４年９月、ギネス世界記録はドイツのHarry Sperlを世界最大ハンバーガー関連コレクションを所有する人物として認定した。その数は３，７２４点で、Tシャツから枕、犬のおもちゃに至るまで、彼の部屋には「ハンバーガー」づくしである。同様に、中国のLiu Fuchangはトランプの収集家であり、１１，０８７種類もの異なるセットを持っている。
・lean（動詞） : 傾く
・recognize（動詞） : 認定する
・is filled with ～ : ～で満たされている
おそらく最も理解しやすい動機は楽しさである。純粋な喜びのためにコレクションを始めた人もいる。例えば、絵画を購入して飾り、頻繁に眺めることを楽しむ人もいれば、音声録音や昔ながらのレコード盤（ビニールレコード）を集めて、好きな音楽を聴くことを楽しむ人もいる。このタイプの収集家は、自分が大切にしている音楽の金銭的価値にはあまり興味がないことが多い。一方で投資目的で物を集める人もいる。ある種の古典的なゲームは無料でダウンロードできるが、同じゲームでも未開封で元の包装のまま、いわゆる新品同様の状態で持っていると、非常に高い価値がつくことがある。さまざまな価値ある「コレクターズアイテム」を所有していれば、ある程度の経済的安心につながるかもしれない。
・vinyl record : ビニールレコード
・investment（名詞） : 投資
・classic（形容詞） : 古典的な
・mint condition : 新品同様の状態
物を集めるという行動は、遠い未来に至るまで確実に続いていくだろう。人々が物を保管する理由はおそらく変えられないが、技術の進歩はコレクションに影響を与えるだろう。技術は物理的な制約を取り除くことができるため、３０年前には想像もできなかったほど膨大な音楽や芸術のデジタルライブラリーを個人が持つことも、今では可能になっている。しかし、技術がコレクションにどのような影響をさらに与えるのかは不明である。次世代のコレクションがどのような形や規模になるのか、想像できるだろうか。
・definitely（副詞） : 間違いなく
・physical（形容詞） : 物理的な
・constraint（名詞） : 制約
・unimaginabl（形容詞） : 想像できない
収集
導入
・収集することは、長い間人間の経験の一部である。
・ヤードセールの話しは（ 39 ）ということを示している。
事実
・（ 40 ）
・ギネス世界記録
☆Sperl : ハンバーガー関連グッズ３，７２４点
☆Liu : トランプのセット１１，０８７点
収集する理由
・収集の動機は、感情的なものや社会的なものになり得る。
・さまざまな理由として、（ 41 ）、（ 42 ）、歴史への関心、子供の頃の興奮、
有名になりたい気持ち、今日数することなどが挙げられます。
未来のコレクション
・（ 43 ）
不正解
技術を進歩させたいという願望という意味です。
本文は「技術の進歩がコレクションに影響する」と述べていますが、人々が技術を進歩させたいから集めるとは記載がないため不正解です。
※advanceは動詞と名詞にもなります。
動詞は、「前進する、進歩する、（計画などを）進める」という意味です。
例）Technology advanced rapidly.
技術は急速に進歩した。
名詞は、「進歩、前進、発展、前払い金」という意味です。
例）a scientific advance.
科学の進歩。
参考にしてください。
不正解
予想外のチャンスを逃すことの恐れという意味です。
本文にはそのような心理は記載がないため不正解です。
不正解
空虚感を埋めることという意味です。
心理学的にはあり得そうですが、本文には記載がないため不正解です。
・emptiness（名詞） : 虚無感
正解
大切な出来事を思い出させてくれるものという意味です。
根拠となる文は２段落目の中盤、Some save greeting cards from friends and family， dried flowers from special events， seashells from a day at the beach， old photos， and so on（友人や家族からのグリーティングカード、特別な出来事の際のドライフラワー、海辺で拾った貝殻、古い写真などを保存している人もいる）.です。
つまり、思い出として取っておくということが分かるため正解です。
・precious（形容詞） : 大切な
不正解
将来のために物を再利用することという意味です。
本文には「保存して後世に伝える」と記載がありますが、これは個人の動機というより文化的なことです。また、「再利用」というニュアンスは述べられていないため不正解です。
正解
何らかの利益を求めることという意味です。
根拠となる文は４段落目の中盤、others collect objects specifically as an investment. While it is possible to download certain classic games for free， having the same game unopened in its original packaging， in ”mint condition，” can make the game worth a lot. Owning various valuable ”collector’s items” could ensure some financial security（一方で投資目的で物を集める人もいる。ある種の古典的なゲームは無料でダウンロードできるが、同じゲームでも未開封で元の包装のまま、いわゆる新品同様の状態で持っていると、非常に高い価値がつくことがある。さまざまな価値ある「コレクターズアイテム」を所有していれば、ある程度の経済的安心につながるかもしれない）.です。
つまり、投資目的＝利益目的となり、seeking some sort of profitと一致するため正解です。
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