大学入学共通テスト（英語） 過去問
令和6年度（2024年度）追・再試験
問45 (＜旧課程＞英語リーディング（第6問） 問7)
問題文
次の英文や図表を読み、最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。
You are preparing for a science fair presentation on a scientific discovery， using the following magazine article.
”Smart” Fabrics
Through the years， the fabrics we use have evolved to suit our changing lifestyles and needs. Linen， made from the fibers of a plant called flax， is one of the oldest textiles in the world. It naturally reflects away the sun and its intense heat， and allows better airflow than other types of fabric. Light and airy， linen has long been the ideal fabric for warm climates. With industrialization and population growth， however， cotton became more commonly used since it was suitable for mass production. Cloth made from cotton can be heavy and can trap body heat though， which may make people feel uncomfortable in very hot and humid weather.
Newer materials are always being developed as technology progresses， and ”smart” fabrics are a recent scientific breakthrough in the textile industry. Weaving flexible synthetic fibers into cloth can provide additional functions for the fabric. For example， scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology made a new fabric called ”metafabric” that deflects heat to keep people cooler. Such fabric can be used to create clothes that ease the discomfort people suffer when the temperature rises. In their experiment， a participant wore a vest consisting of two halves―one half cotton and the other half metafabric―and was exposed to direct sunlight for an hour. Underneath the cotton， the skin temperature soared to 37℃. In contrast， underneath the metafabric， the temperature rose by just one degree， from 31℃ to 32℃.
Another interesting example is a fabric that can detect sounds. The human ear picks up sound pressures， and the inner organs convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations and then into electrical signals. Similarly， ”piezoelectric materials，” which are typically used for microphones or speakers，produce an electrical signal when mechanically bent.
Using this knowledge， a team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Rhode Island School of Design came up with a so−called ”acoustic fabric.” The researchers wove a piezoelectric fiber into fabric and conducted a series of experiments. One experiment examined the fabric’s sensitivity to sound directions. They sewed two pieces of acoustic fabric onto the back of a shirt. Then， they clapped their hands at various angles away from the shirt. The fiber converted the sound first into mechanical vibrations， then into electrical signals that were stored on a device. The fabric was successfully able to pinpoint the angle of the sounds. This could lead to a useful application for individuals with hearing aids to identify the direction of a specific sound even in noisy surroundings.
In addition to functioning as wearable hearing aids， acoustic fabric can be used for other purposes such as tracking respiratory（lung）， pulse， and cardiac（heart）conditions. Another experiment tested whether clothes with acoustic fibers could act as fabric stethoscopes to monitor a person’s subtle cardiac features. The research group attached a single fiber over the chest region on a shirt and found it accurately detected the wearer’s heart signals. Furthermore， this result indicated the possibility of utilizing the fabric in maternity clothes to check an unborn baby’s heartbeat.
Researchers see applications of smart fabrics beyond clothing. A smart fabric with cooling performance can be applied to various products for different purposes， such as tents， car covers， curtains， and sunshade products. Acoustic fabrics can be integrated with spacecraft coatings to monitor cosmic debris， or be used to help detect cracks or strains in buildings. They can even be woven into a net to check on fish in the sea.
As these examples of textile innovation suggest， new fabrics can enhance our lives in many ways. You may not believe this， but the coolest things about these fabrics are that you can get ”smart” while wearing them and some of them are machine−washable！
What does the result of the experiment by the Huazhong University of Science and Technology imply on Slide 3？ Choose the best option for（ 45 ）.
Your slides：
You are preparing for a science fair presentation on a scientific discovery， using the following magazine article.
”Smart” Fabrics
Through the years， the fabrics we use have evolved to suit our changing lifestyles and needs. Linen， made from the fibers of a plant called flax， is one of the oldest textiles in the world. It naturally reflects away the sun and its intense heat， and allows better airflow than other types of fabric. Light and airy， linen has long been the ideal fabric for warm climates. With industrialization and population growth， however， cotton became more commonly used since it was suitable for mass production. Cloth made from cotton can be heavy and can trap body heat though， which may make people feel uncomfortable in very hot and humid weather.
Newer materials are always being developed as technology progresses， and ”smart” fabrics are a recent scientific breakthrough in the textile industry. Weaving flexible synthetic fibers into cloth can provide additional functions for the fabric. For example， scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology made a new fabric called ”metafabric” that deflects heat to keep people cooler. Such fabric can be used to create clothes that ease the discomfort people suffer when the temperature rises. In their experiment， a participant wore a vest consisting of two halves―one half cotton and the other half metafabric―and was exposed to direct sunlight for an hour. Underneath the cotton， the skin temperature soared to 37℃. In contrast， underneath the metafabric， the temperature rose by just one degree， from 31℃ to 32℃.
Another interesting example is a fabric that can detect sounds. The human ear picks up sound pressures， and the inner organs convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations and then into electrical signals. Similarly， ”piezoelectric materials，” which are typically used for microphones or speakers，produce an electrical signal when mechanically bent.
Using this knowledge， a team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Rhode Island School of Design came up with a so−called ”acoustic fabric.” The researchers wove a piezoelectric fiber into fabric and conducted a series of experiments. One experiment examined the fabric’s sensitivity to sound directions. They sewed two pieces of acoustic fabric onto the back of a shirt. Then， they clapped their hands at various angles away from the shirt. The fiber converted the sound first into mechanical vibrations， then into electrical signals that were stored on a device. The fabric was successfully able to pinpoint the angle of the sounds. This could lead to a useful application for individuals with hearing aids to identify the direction of a specific sound even in noisy surroundings.
In addition to functioning as wearable hearing aids， acoustic fabric can be used for other purposes such as tracking respiratory（lung）， pulse， and cardiac（heart）conditions. Another experiment tested whether clothes with acoustic fibers could act as fabric stethoscopes to monitor a person’s subtle cardiac features. The research group attached a single fiber over the chest region on a shirt and found it accurately detected the wearer’s heart signals. Furthermore， this result indicated the possibility of utilizing the fabric in maternity clothes to check an unborn baby’s heartbeat.
Researchers see applications of smart fabrics beyond clothing. A smart fabric with cooling performance can be applied to various products for different purposes， such as tents， car covers， curtains， and sunshade products. Acoustic fabrics can be integrated with spacecraft coatings to monitor cosmic debris， or be used to help detect cracks or strains in buildings. They can even be woven into a net to check on fish in the sea.
As these examples of textile innovation suggest， new fabrics can enhance our lives in many ways. You may not believe this， but the coolest things about these fabrics are that you can get ”smart” while wearing them and some of them are machine−washable！
What does the result of the experiment by the Huazhong University of Science and Technology imply on Slide 3？ Choose the best option for（ 45 ）.
Your slides：
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問題
大学入学共通テスト（英語）試験 令和6年度（2024年度）追・再試験 問45（＜旧課程＞英語リーディング（第6問） 問7） （訂正依頼・報告はこちら）
次の英文や図表を読み、最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。
You are preparing for a science fair presentation on a scientific discovery， using the following magazine article.
”Smart” Fabrics
Through the years， the fabrics we use have evolved to suit our changing lifestyles and needs. Linen， made from the fibers of a plant called flax， is one of the oldest textiles in the world. It naturally reflects away the sun and its intense heat， and allows better airflow than other types of fabric. Light and airy， linen has long been the ideal fabric for warm climates. With industrialization and population growth， however， cotton became more commonly used since it was suitable for mass production. Cloth made from cotton can be heavy and can trap body heat though， which may make people feel uncomfortable in very hot and humid weather.
Newer materials are always being developed as technology progresses， and ”smart” fabrics are a recent scientific breakthrough in the textile industry. Weaving flexible synthetic fibers into cloth can provide additional functions for the fabric. For example， scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology made a new fabric called ”metafabric” that deflects heat to keep people cooler. Such fabric can be used to create clothes that ease the discomfort people suffer when the temperature rises. In their experiment， a participant wore a vest consisting of two halves―one half cotton and the other half metafabric―and was exposed to direct sunlight for an hour. Underneath the cotton， the skin temperature soared to 37℃. In contrast， underneath the metafabric， the temperature rose by just one degree， from 31℃ to 32℃.
Another interesting example is a fabric that can detect sounds. The human ear picks up sound pressures， and the inner organs convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations and then into electrical signals. Similarly， ”piezoelectric materials，” which are typically used for microphones or speakers，produce an electrical signal when mechanically bent.
Using this knowledge， a team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Rhode Island School of Design came up with a so−called ”acoustic fabric.” The researchers wove a piezoelectric fiber into fabric and conducted a series of experiments. One experiment examined the fabric’s sensitivity to sound directions. They sewed two pieces of acoustic fabric onto the back of a shirt. Then， they clapped their hands at various angles away from the shirt. The fiber converted the sound first into mechanical vibrations， then into electrical signals that were stored on a device. The fabric was successfully able to pinpoint the angle of the sounds. This could lead to a useful application for individuals with hearing aids to identify the direction of a specific sound even in noisy surroundings.
In addition to functioning as wearable hearing aids， acoustic fabric can be used for other purposes such as tracking respiratory（lung）， pulse， and cardiac（heart）conditions. Another experiment tested whether clothes with acoustic fibers could act as fabric stethoscopes to monitor a person’s subtle cardiac features. The research group attached a single fiber over the chest region on a shirt and found it accurately detected the wearer’s heart signals. Furthermore， this result indicated the possibility of utilizing the fabric in maternity clothes to check an unborn baby’s heartbeat.
Researchers see applications of smart fabrics beyond clothing. A smart fabric with cooling performance can be applied to various products for different purposes， such as tents， car covers， curtains， and sunshade products. Acoustic fabrics can be integrated with spacecraft coatings to monitor cosmic debris， or be used to help detect cracks or strains in buildings. They can even be woven into a net to check on fish in the sea.
As these examples of textile innovation suggest， new fabrics can enhance our lives in many ways. You may not believe this， but the coolest things about these fabrics are that you can get ”smart” while wearing them and some of them are machine−washable！
What does the result of the experiment by the Huazhong University of Science and Technology imply on Slide 3？ Choose the best option for（ 45 ）.
Your slides：
You are preparing for a science fair presentation on a scientific discovery， using the following magazine article.
”Smart” Fabrics
Through the years， the fabrics we use have evolved to suit our changing lifestyles and needs. Linen， made from the fibers of a plant called flax， is one of the oldest textiles in the world. It naturally reflects away the sun and its intense heat， and allows better airflow than other types of fabric. Light and airy， linen has long been the ideal fabric for warm climates. With industrialization and population growth， however， cotton became more commonly used since it was suitable for mass production. Cloth made from cotton can be heavy and can trap body heat though， which may make people feel uncomfortable in very hot and humid weather.
Newer materials are always being developed as technology progresses， and ”smart” fabrics are a recent scientific breakthrough in the textile industry. Weaving flexible synthetic fibers into cloth can provide additional functions for the fabric. For example， scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology made a new fabric called ”metafabric” that deflects heat to keep people cooler. Such fabric can be used to create clothes that ease the discomfort people suffer when the temperature rises. In their experiment， a participant wore a vest consisting of two halves―one half cotton and the other half metafabric―and was exposed to direct sunlight for an hour. Underneath the cotton， the skin temperature soared to 37℃. In contrast， underneath the metafabric， the temperature rose by just one degree， from 31℃ to 32℃.
Another interesting example is a fabric that can detect sounds. The human ear picks up sound pressures， and the inner organs convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations and then into electrical signals. Similarly， ”piezoelectric materials，” which are typically used for microphones or speakers，produce an electrical signal when mechanically bent.
Using this knowledge， a team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Rhode Island School of Design came up with a so−called ”acoustic fabric.” The researchers wove a piezoelectric fiber into fabric and conducted a series of experiments. One experiment examined the fabric’s sensitivity to sound directions. They sewed two pieces of acoustic fabric onto the back of a shirt. Then， they clapped their hands at various angles away from the shirt. The fiber converted the sound first into mechanical vibrations， then into electrical signals that were stored on a device. The fabric was successfully able to pinpoint the angle of the sounds. This could lead to a useful application for individuals with hearing aids to identify the direction of a specific sound even in noisy surroundings.
In addition to functioning as wearable hearing aids， acoustic fabric can be used for other purposes such as tracking respiratory（lung）， pulse， and cardiac（heart）conditions. Another experiment tested whether clothes with acoustic fibers could act as fabric stethoscopes to monitor a person’s subtle cardiac features. The research group attached a single fiber over the chest region on a shirt and found it accurately detected the wearer’s heart signals. Furthermore， this result indicated the possibility of utilizing the fabric in maternity clothes to check an unborn baby’s heartbeat.
Researchers see applications of smart fabrics beyond clothing. A smart fabric with cooling performance can be applied to various products for different purposes， such as tents， car covers， curtains， and sunshade products. Acoustic fabrics can be integrated with spacecraft coatings to monitor cosmic debris， or be used to help detect cracks or strains in buildings. They can even be woven into a net to check on fish in the sea.
As these examples of textile innovation suggest， new fabrics can enhance our lives in many ways. You may not believe this， but the coolest things about these fabrics are that you can get ”smart” while wearing them and some of them are machine−washable！
What does the result of the experiment by the Huazhong University of Science and Technology imply on Slide 3？ Choose the best option for（ 45 ）.
Your slides：
- It is far easier to create an outfit that keeps you warm.
- Light−colored fabric is more suitable for reflecting the sunlight.
- The newly invented fabrics can keep people comfortable in hot weather.
- You should wear a shirt made of the metafabric over your other clothing.
正解！素晴らしいです
残念...
この過去問の解説 （3件）
01
三枚目のスライドに合う文章を選びます。
3枚目スライトの説明は本文第二段落でされています。コットンとメタファブリックの布地を半分ずつ身につけ、1時間太陽光に曝した実験について説明されています。（~ a new fabric called”metafabric” that deflects heat to keep people cooler. ）の文章から、The newly invented fabrics can keep people comfortable in hot weather.の選択肢が適しています。
選択肢和訳：暖かさを保つ服を作るのがはるかに簡単
不正解です。
選択肢和訳：明るい色の布地は、太陽光を反射するのに適している
不正解です。
選択肢和訳：新しく発明された布地は、暑い時を快適にする
正解です。
選択肢和訳：他の服の上にメタファブリックの服を着るとよい。
不正解です。
参考になった数0
この解説の修正を提案する
02
問の訳は以下の通りです。
スライド3の華中科技大学の実験の結果は何を示唆していますか？（ 45 ）に最も適した選択肢を選びなさい。
スライド3を見ると、綿とメタファブリックを日光に60分あてた際の実験を示唆するイラストが描かれていることがわかります。
この実験を説明している文章が第2段落の後半にあるので確認しましょう。
実験では、被験者は綿とメタファブリックの2つの生地でできたベストを着用し、1時間直射日光にさらされました。綿のベストの下では皮膚温度が37℃まで上昇しましたが、メタファブリックの下では皮膚温度は31℃から32℃へとわずか1℃しか上昇しませんでした。
この文章から、綿のベストは37度まで体温が上昇したが、メタファブリックの方は1度しか上昇が認められなかったとしています。
この内容を踏まえて、各選択肢を確認しましょう。
訳:暖かさを保つ服を作るのはずっと簡単です。
a new fabric called ”metafabric” that deflects heat to keep people cooler.
と記載があるように、メタファブリックは涼しさを保つ服として紹介されていますが、暖かさを保つ服については本文内で言及されていません。よって不正解です。
訳:明るい色の生地は太陽光を反射するのに適しています。
生地の色については、本文では言及されていないため、誤りです。
訳:新しく発明された生地は、暑い天候でも人々を快適に保ちます。
a new fabric called ”metafabric” that deflects heat to keep people cooler.
と記載があるように、新素材であるメタファブリックは暑い気候でも涼しさを保つことがわかります。よって、この選択肢が正解です。
訳:メタファブリックで作られたシャツは、他の服の上に着るべきです。
重ね着して使用するべきかどうかは本文中で言及されていないため、不正解です。
参考になった数0
この解説の修正を提案する
03
スライド3の「メタファブリック実験」の結果が示唆することとして最も適する選択肢を選びましょう。
訳）体を温かく保つ服を作る方がはるかに簡単である。
→間違い
記事では「温かさを保つ」ことの難易度については言及されておらず、焦点は「涼しさを保つ」ことにあります。
訳）明るい色の布地の方が、日光を反射するのに適している。
→間違い
一般論としては正しいかもしれませんが、この記事のメタファブリックに関する実験内容や結果（素材の機能性）とは直接関係がありません。
訳）新しく発明された布地は、暑い天候下で人々を快適に保つことができる。
→正しい
記事の第2段落において、大学の研究者たちが開発した「メタファブリック」は、
熱をそらすことで人をより涼しく保つ（keep people cooler）と説明されています。
実験の結果、直射日光下で綿（cotton）の下の皮膚温度が37℃まで上昇したのに対し、
メタファブリックの下では31℃から32℃へとわずか1度しか上昇しませんでした。
この結果は、気温上昇時に人々が受ける不快感を和らげる衣服を作れることを示唆（imply）しています。
訳）他の服の上に、メタファブリック製のシャツを着るべきである。
→間違い
本文には「他の服の上に着るべき」という具体的な着こなしの指示は記載されていません。
参考になった数0
この解説の修正を提案する
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