大学入学共通テスト（英語） 過去問
令和7年度（2025年度）追・再試験
問74 (英語リスニング（第5問） 問4)

最初に講義を聞き、問いに答えなさい。

＜状況＞
あなたは、大学で都市計画に関する科目を履修していて、一連の活動（活動1，2，3）に取り組んでいます。

＜活動1＞
あなたは、ワークシートにメモを取りながら、講義を聞いています。

In our last class， we looked at how climate change is presenting challenges for cities across the globe. Today we will focus on what city planners are doing to deal with extreme heat in cities. To reduce temperatures， urban designers are adding “passive cooling” elements. This means designing and redeveloping greenery， streets， and buildings in specific ways to reduce heat in the city.

Greenery， or “green coverage，” includes parks， gardens， trees， and other types of vegetation that provide shade. A study conducted in Melbourne， Australia， suggests a 10 percent increase in green coverage could reduce daytime temperatures by 1 degree Celsius. Other advantages are better psychological health for residents and a richer variety of wildlife.

The layout of streets can play an important role in passive cooling. By placing streets in line with local wind patterns， air can flow easily through a city， lowering the temperature. One study shows that tropical cities like Singapore could benefit from having streets arranged so that ocean winds move through them， cooling the city off. Additionally， good wind flow decreases air pollution， improving residents’ health.

Building design can also affect city temperatures. Many studies recommend the use of buildings of various heights. High−rise buildings create shade and low−rise buildings allow wind to blow hot air away. In tropical cities near the ocean， like Manila in the Philippines， low−rise buildings should be built near the shore so breezes reach the inside of the city. As an added benefit， buildings of various sizes make the city visually attractive.

These are some ways that good use of urban design can help cool our cities and make them better places to live.

ワークシートの空欄（　30　）・（　31　）に入れるのに最も適切な選択肢を、一つ選びなさい。